Skip to content
Woodworking Math

Tropical timbers A to Z

307 tropical woods, each with its own page: Janka hardness, air-dry weight, basic specific gravity, strength green and dry, shrinkage, and what the wood is like to work and use. Every figure is from Tropical Timbers of the World, Martin Chudnoff's data sheets prepared at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, as printed, with its page.

Tropical woods the USDA Wood Handbook also covers, such as teak, ipe and sapele, have their own pages from the Handbook and are listed on types of wood. A range means the sheet prints one, often because the page covers several species of a genus.

One source: USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Tropical Timbers of the World (Chudnoff, 1979 edition), the only published source read for this wood

Tropical America (125)

WoodBotanical nameJanka hardnessAir-dry weight
AceitunoVitex spp.1,160 lbf dry40–46 lb/ft³
AlbarcoCariniana pyriformis1,020 lbf dry35 lb/ft³
AlerceFitzroya cupressoides560 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
AmendoimPterogyne nitens1,340 lbf green50 lb/ft³
Angelica TreeDendropanax arboreus530–725 lbf dry31 lb/ft³
AngelinAndira inermis1,600 lbf dry45–60 lb/ft³
AraracangaAspidosperma spp. (araracanga group)1,820–3,080 lbf dry53–64 lb/ft³
AraribaCentrolobium spp.1,030 lbf dry—
AraríbaSickingia spp.1,070 lbf green40 lb/ft³
AromataClathrotropis spp.2,960 lbf dry60–75 lb/ft³
BagasseBagassa guianensis1,730 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
BalsamoMyroxylon balsamum2,200 lbf dry54–62 lb/ft³
BanakVirola spp.450–640 lbf dry27–46 lb/ft³
BaracaraOrmosia spp.1,000–1,570 lbf dry37–52 lb/ft³
BaromalliCatostemma spp.720 lbf dry36–46 lb/ft³
BasralocusDicorynia guianensis1,290 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
Bitter AngelimVatairea spp.1,080–1,420 lbf dry42–49 lb/ft³
Black Cabbage-barkLonchocarpus spp.2,700 lbf dry46–58 lb/ft³
Brazil-nut TreeBertholletia excelsa1,150 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
BulletwoodManilkara bidentata3,190 lbf dry66 lb/ft³
BuradaParinari spp.1,830 lbf dry50–55 lb/ft³
CaimitoCynodendron spp.—50–70 lb/ft³
CanaleteCordia spp.2,200 lbf dry48–65 lb/ft³
CaneloNectandra spp.1,060 lbf dry32–46 lb/ft³
CangeranaCabralea cangerana—42 lb/ft³
CapomoBrosimum spp. (alicastrum group)1,340–1,700 lbf dry45–65 lb/ft³
CarboneroPiptadenia pittieri1,550–1,680 lbf dry44–49 lb/ft³
Caribbean PinePinus caribaea1,240 lbf dry26–51 lb/ft³
Carne D'antaMaytenus spp.2,240 lbf dry49–59 lb/ft³
CaviunaMachaerium spp.1,450–1,780 lbf green49–57 lb/ft³
Cedro-ranaCedrelinga catenaeformis—40–31 lb/ft³
CeibaCeiba pentandra240 lbf dry18 lb/ft³
ChichaSterculia apetala270–530 lbf dry25 lb/ft³
ChupónPradosia spp.1,880 lbf dry52 lb/ft³
CopaiaJacaranda copaia350 lbf dry26 lb/ft³
CopaibaCopaifera spp.1,740 lbf dry—
Couma macrocarpaCouma macrocarpa980 lbf dry38 lb/ft³
Cow-treeBrosimum spp. (utile group)903 lbf dry24–38 lb/ft³
CramanteeGuarea spp.800–1,330 lbf dry34–44 lb/ft³
CuangareDialyanthera spp.375 lbf dry28 lb/ft³
Cupressus lusitanicaCupressus lusitanica460 lbf dry32 lb/ft³
CurupayAnadenanthera marocarpa—66 lb/ft³
DegameCalycophyllum candidissimum1,940 lbf dry51 lb/ft³
Demerara GreenheartOcotea rodiaei2,360 lbf dry62–70 lb/ft³
DjedoeSclerolobium spp.700 lbf dry35 lb/ft³
DuruApeiba spp.250 lbf dry9–21 lb/ft³
Enterolobium cyclocarpumEnterolobium cyclocarpum520 lbf dry26 lb/ft³
EspaveAnacardium excelsum470 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
EstribeiroLuehea spp.900 lbf dry—
FreijoCordia spp.1,000 lbf dry34–40 lb/ft³
FusticChlorophora tinctoria2,380 lbf dry52–60 lb/ft³
GommierDacryodes excelsa900 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
GrumixavaMicropholis spp.1,490 lbf dry41–51 lb/ft³
GuachapelePseudosamanea guachapele1,040 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
Gumbo-limboBursera simaruba270 lbf dry19–30 lb/ft³
HaiariAlexa imperatricis—32 lb/ft³
Helicostylis tomentosaHelicostylis tomentosa2,700 lbf dry52–58 lb/ft³
Holopyxidium jaranaHolopyxidium jarana3,500 lbf dry58–65 lb/ft³
HuraHura crepitans550 lbf dry25–28 lb/ft³
ImbuiaPhoebe porosa950 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
JaguaGenipa americana1,410 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
JoboSpondias mombin335–510 lbf dry29 lb/ft³
JucaroBucida buceras2,340 lbf green69 lb/ft³
JutahyDialium guianense4,000 lbf dry63–73 lb/ft³
KaneelhartLicaria spp.2,900 lbf dry52–72 lb/ft³
KirikawaIryanthera spp.850–1,010 lbf dry26–44 lb/ft³
KopieGoupia glabra1,840 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
KurokaiProtium spp.720–1,280 lbf dry33–45 lb/ft³
LecheroSapium spp.700 lbf dry36 lb/ft³
Long JohnTriplaris spp.1,040–1,820 lbf dry38–48 lb/ft³
LouroAniba spp.1,470 lbf dry40–50 lb/ft³
Lysiloma spp.Lysiloma spp.1,400 lbf dry48 lb/ft³
MahotCouratari spp.880 lbf dry37 lb/ft³
ManbarklakEschweilera spp.1,280–2,480 lbf green48–74 lb/ft³
MandioqueiraQualea spp.900–1,730 lbf dry37–46 lb/ft³
Mangle ColoradoRhizophora mangle2,760 lbf dry67 lb/ft³
ManniSymphonia globulifera1,120 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
MarishballiLicania spp.3,570 lbf dry52–72 lb/ft³
MastatePoulsenia armata—25 lb/ft³
MorototoDidymopanax morototoni665–915 lbf dry28–40 lb/ft³
NargustaTerminalia amazonia1,610–2,100 lbf dry44–56 lb/ft³
NogalJuglans spp.—38 lb/ft³
Ocote PinePinus oocarpa910 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
Ocotea rubraOcotea rubra660 lbf dry40–45 lb/ft³
Oiticica AmarelaClarisia racemosa1,400 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
Oxandra lanceolataOxandra lanceolata2,830 lbf dry62 lb/ft³
PacuriRheedia spp.1,250 lbf green55 lb/ft³
Para-angelimHymenolobium excelsum1,720 lbf dry47 lb/ft³
Pau AmarelloEuxylophora paraensis1,820 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
Pau MarfimBalfourodendron riedelianum—50 lb/ft³
Persea spp.Persea spp.860 lbf dry30–41 lb/ft³
Pinus patula (plantation)Pinus patula (plantation)——
PiquiáCaryocar spp.1,720 lbf dry51–58 lb/ft³
PochoteBombacopsis quinata720 lbf dry34 lb/ft³
PodocarpPodocarpus spp.760 lbf dry28–42 lb/ft³
PrimaveraCybistax donnell-smithii680 lbf dry29 lb/ft³
QuebrachoSchinopsis spp.—75 lb/ft³
RauliNothofagus spp.990 lbf dry34–40 lb/ft³
RobleTabebuia spp. (roble group)960 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
Roble, EncinoQuercus spp.1,600–3,200 lbf dry44–62 lb/ft³
SajoCampnosperma panamensis425 lbf dry25 lb/ft³
SaliTetragastris spp.1,770–2,170 lbf dry48–61 lb/ft³
SamánPithecellobium saman850 lbf dry35 lb/ft³
SangrePterocarpus spp.275–1,380 lbf dry—
Santa MariaCalophyllum brasiliense1,150 lbf dry39 lb/ft³
SapucaiaLecythis spp.3,100 lbf dry46–69 lb/ft³
SerretteByrsonima coriacea var. spicata1,530 lbf dry46 lb/ft³
SimaroubaSimarouba amara440 lbf dry27 lb/ft³
SterculiaSterculia pruriens770–825 lbf dry37 lb/ft³
Sucupira (Bowdichia)Bowdichia spp.—56 lb/ft³
Sucupira (Diplotropis)Diplotropis purpurea2,140 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
SuradanHyeronima alchorneoides1,700 lbf dry46–53 lb/ft³
TauroniroHumiria balsamifera1,610 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
TimbaubaEnterolobium schomburgkii2,330 lbf dry62 lb/ft³
TonkaDipteryx odorata3,540 lbf dry62–81 lb/ft³
TrebolPlatymiscium spp.1,710–3,200 lbf dry55–73 lb/ft³
Trophis spp.Trophis spp.770 lbf dry31–50 lb/ft³
Trumpet-woodCecropia peltata320 lbf dry20–26 lb/ft³
UlmoEucryphia cordifolia—38 lb/ft³
WacapouVouacapoua americana1,730 lbf dry59 lb/ft³
WamaraSwartzia spp.3,325–4,060 lbf dry65–75 lb/ft³
White PerobaParatecoma peroba1,600 lbf dry46 lb/ft³
White-cedarTabebuia spp. (white-cedar group)1,160–1,400 lbf dry42 lb/ft³
Yellow SandersBuchenavia capitata1,220 lbf dry47 lb/ft³
YemeriVochysia spp.530–680 lbf dry28–43 lb/ft³

Africa (92)

WoodBotanical nameJanka hardnessAir-dry weight
AburaMitragyna ciliata780 lbf dry34 lb/ft³
AdjouabaDacryodes spp.—41–51 lb/ft³
AfinaStrombosia glaucescens—61 lb/ft³
African BlackwoodDalbergia melanoxylon—83 lb/ft³
African CanariumCanarium schweinfurthii670 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
African CeltisCeltis spp.1,670 lbf dry40–50 lb/ft³
African CorkwoodMusanga cecropioides—14–21 lb/ft³
African HomaliumHomalium spp.2,050 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
African PadaukPterocarpus soyauxii—42–51 lb/ft³
African Pencil CedarJuniperus procera765 lbf green36 lb/ft³
African-walnutLovoa trichilioides940 lbf dry34 lb/ft³
AfzeliaAfzelia spp.1,770–1,850 lbf dry51 lb/ft³
AlbizziaAlbizia spp.750–1,160 lbf dry35–45 lb/ft³
AlstoniaAlstonia congensis410 lbf dry25 lb/ft³
AngueukOngokea gore—55 lb/ft³
AningeriaAningeria spp.740–1,250 lbf dry30–36 lb/ft³
AntiarisAntiaris spp.500 lbf dry27 lb/ft³
AyanDistemonanthus benthamianus1,230 lbf dry45 lb/ft³
BerliniaBerlinia spp.1,360 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
BombaxBombax spp.400 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
Brachylaena HutchinsiiBrachylaena hutchinsii2,190 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
Brown SterculiaSterculia rhinopetala1,810 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
BurkeaBurkea africana—46–61 lb/ft³
Cassipourea malosanaCassipourea malosana1,250–1,650 lbf dry47 lb/ft³
CordylaCordyla africana1,580 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
Cynometra alexandriCynometra alexandri2,540–3,410 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
DahomaPiptadeniastrum africanum1,540 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
DantaNesogordonia papaverifera2,140 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
DifouMorus mesozygia—54 lb/ft³
DinaSwartzia fistuloides—64 lb/ft³
East African CamphorwoodOcotea usambarensis930 lbf dry37 lb/ft³
East African SatinwoodFagara macrophylla—42–64 lb/ft³
EkebergiaEkebergia rueppelliana900 lbf dry38 lb/ft³
EkopTetraberlinia tubmaniana—46 lb/ft³
ErimadoRicinodendron heudelotii—15 lb/ft³
Erythrophleum ivorenseErythrophleum ivorense2,930 lbf dry56 lb/ft³
Erythroxylum maniiErythroxylum manii—40 lb/ft³
EssiaCombretodendron macrocarpum2,180 lbf dry53 lb/ft³
EveussKlainedoxa gabonensis—68 lb/ft³
EyoumDialium dinklagei—50–61 lb/ft³
Gambeya africanaGambeya africana—48 lb/ft³
Gedu NohorEntandrophragma angolense940 lbf dry34 lb/ft³
Gossweilerodendron balsamiferumGossweilerodendron balsamiferum740 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
IdigboTerminalia ivorensis845 lbf dry32 lb/ft³
IlombaPycnanthus angolensis—31 lb/ft³
KamassiGonioma kamassi2,730 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
KosipoEntandrophragma candollei—40–50 lb/ft³
MafuFagaropsis angolensis1,370 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
MansoniaMansonia altissima1,290 lbf dry38–45 lb/ft³
MbarikaIsoberlinia scheffleri1,420 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
MecrusseAndrostachys johnsonii2,540 lbf dry55 lb/ft³
MoabiBaillonella toxisperma—50–60 lb/ft³
Monopetalanthus heitziiMonopetalanthus heitzii—33 lb/ft³
MtambaraCephalosphaera usambarensis740 lbf dry37 lb/ft³
MtunduBrachystegia spiciformis1,830 lbf dry51 lb/ft³
MueriPygeum africanum1,860 lbf dry45 lb/ft³
MuirungiCasearia battiscombei720 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
MukulunguAutranella congolensis—60 lb/ft³
MuningaPterocarpus angolensis1,480 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
MusineCroton megalocarpus1,350 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
MusiziMaesopsis eminii500–700 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
MutenyeGuibourtia arnoldiana—50 lb/ft³
MuwaJulbernardia globiflora2,470 lbf dry60 lb/ft³
NiangonTarrietia utilis1,100 lbf dry39–48 lb/ft³
NkobakobaBaikiaea insignis subsp. minor1,770 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
ObaIrvingia gabonensis—52–58 lb/ft³
ObotoMammea africana—41–54 lb/ft³
OdokoScottellia coriacea1,090 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
OgeaDaniellia ogea710 lbf dry31 lb/ft³
OkanCylicodiscus gabunensis2,780 lbf dry60 lb/ft³
OkwenBrachystegia spp.930–1,430 lbf dry34–44 lb/ft³
Olea hochstetteriOlea hochstetteri2,740 lbf dry55 lb/ft³
OnzangOdyendea spp.—24 lb/ft³
OpepeNauclea diderrichii1,630 lbf dry47 lb/ft³
OvogaPoga oleosa—27 lb/ft³
Panga PangaMillettia spp.1,630 lbf dry50–60 lb/ft³
PodoPodocarpus spp.830 lbf dry32 lb/ft³
PterygotaPterygota spp.940–970 lbf dry35–43 lb/ft³
Rhodesian-teakBaikiaea plurijuga2,990 lbf dry56 lb/ft³
SapoDidelotia brevipaniculata—41 lb/ft³
Scyphocephalium ochocoaScyphocephalium ochocoa—36 lb/ft³
SouguéParinari excelsa1,720 lbf dry47–57 lb/ft³
Staudtia stipitataStaudtia stipitata—57 lb/ft³
Sugar-plumUapaca spp.—40–52 lb/ft³
TchitolaOxystigma oxyphyllum1,250 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
Testulea gabonensisTestulea gabonensis—46 lb/ft³
Tieghemella heckeliiTieghemella heckelii1,110 lbf dry42 lb/ft³
UtileEntandrophragma utile1,260 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
VitexVitex doniana680 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
West African CordiaCordia millenii590 lbf dry25 lb/ft³
Yellow SterculiaSterculia oblonga1,120 lbf dry48 lb/ft³
ZebranoMicroberlinia brazzavillensis—53 lb/ft³

Southeast Asia and Oceania (90)

WoodBotanical nameJanka hardnessAir-dry weight
AmooraAmoora spp.895 lbf dry33–58 lb/ft³
Andaman PadaukPterocarpus dalbergioides1,630 lbf dry48 lb/ft³
Australian BlackwoodAcacia melanoxylon1,100 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
BataiAlbizia falcataria450 lbf dry24 lb/ft³
BelianEusideroxylon zwageri3,020 lbf dry64–71 lb/ft³
Benguet PinePinus insularis425–785 lbf dry32–38 lb/ft³
BeranganCastanopsis spp.—42 lb/ft³
BintangorCalophyllum spp.1,475 lbf dry31–50 lb/ft³
BinuangOctomeles sumatrana355–370 lbf dry23 lb/ft³
BishopwoodBischofia javanica1,370 lbf dry34–54 lb/ft³
Black WattleAcacia mollissima1,750 lbf dry45 lb/ft³
BluegumEucalyptus globulus1,540–2,580 lbf dry61–51 lb/ft³
Broad-leaved Tea-treeMelaleuca quinquenervia1,530 lbf green50 lb/ft³
Brush BoxTristania spp.2,045–4,130 lbf dry55–70 lb/ft³
Burma LancewoodHomalium spp.1,850–2,690 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
Burma PadaukPterocarpus macrocarpus2,170 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
CanangaCanangium odoratum330 lbf dry23 lb/ft³
CasuarinaCasuarina spp.3,200 lbf dry64 lb/ft³
ChampacaMichelia spp.650–800 lbf dry31 lb/ft³
ChengalBalanocarpus spp.2,130 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
ChickrassyChukrasia tabularis1,310 lbf dry42 lb/ft³
Cinnamon WoodCinnamomum spp.—26–39 lb/ft³
CordiaCordia spp.—30–50 lb/ft³
Dacrydium spp.Dacrydium spp.785 lbf dry30–40 lb/ft³
Darah DarahMyristica spp.1,020 lbf dry35–45 lb/ft³
DegluptaEucalyptus deglupta470 lbf dry35–50 lb/ft³
DurianDurio spp.560–800 lbf dry30–50 lb/ft³
East Indian SatinwoodChloroxylon swietenia2,600 lbf dry61 lb/ft³
GangawMesua ferrea2,890 lbf dry60–66 lb/ft³
GeronggangCratoxylon arborescens420 lbf green30 lb/ft³
GmelinaGmelina arborea525–720 lbf dry30 lb/ft³
GubasEndospermum spp.—30 lb/ft³
HalduAdina cordifolia1,140 lbf dry41–48 lb/ft³
Hoop-pineAraucaria spp.650 lbf dry31 lb/ft³
Indian Almond WoodTerminalia catappa—35–45 lb/ft³
JongkongDactylocladus stenostachys720 lbf dry34 lb/ft³
KadamAnthocephalus chinensis600 lbf dry23–30 lb/ft³
KasaiPometia spp.1,300–1,890 lbf dry41 lb/ft³
KauriAgathis spp.700–870 lbf dry30–36 lb/ft³
KedondongCanarium spp.—26–40 lb/ft³
KekatongCynometra spp.2,340 lbf dry60 lb/ft³
KelatEugenia spp.915–1,480 lbf dry50 lb/ft³
KeledangArtocarpus spp.1,250 lbf dry32–57 lb/ft³
KeranjiDialium spp.2,545–3,745 lbf green60 lb/ft³
KokkoAlbizia lebbek1,240–1,440 lbf dry39 lb/ft³
KulimScorodocarpus borneensis1,370 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
MachilusMachilus spp.630 lbf dry30–35 lb/ft³
MagasDuabanga spp.310–615 lbf dry25 lb/ft³
MangoMangifera spp.1,000 lbf dry35–45 lb/ft³
MedangLitsea spp.525–600 lbf dry31 lb/ft³
MengkulangHeritiera spp.1,140–1,320 lbf dry40–45 lb/ft³
Merkus PinePinus merkusii620 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
MerpauhSwintonia spp.850–1,300 lbf dry46 lb/ft³
MersawaAnisoptera spp.875 lbf dry34–47 lb/ft³
NarraPterocarpus indicus1,055–1,350 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
NeedlewoodSchima spp.1,245 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
NeemAzadirachta spp.1,460 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
NyatohPalaquium spp.840–1,195 lbf dry38–45 lb/ft³
OhiaMetrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha2,090 lbf dry57 lb/ft³
OrientalwoodEndiandra palmerstonii—42 lb/ft³
PerepatSonneratia spp.1,015–1,140 lbf green30–50 lb/ft³
Persian LilacMelia azedarach—36 lb/ft³
PerupokLophopetalum spp.—30–40 lb/ft³
PipliBucklandia populnea1,145 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
PunahTetramerista glabra—45 lb/ft³
Putat PayaPlanchonia spp.1,310–1,400 lbf dry48 lb/ft³
PyinmaLagerstroemia spp.1,055 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
Queensland-mapleFlindersia spp.725 lbf dry35 lb/ft³
RangguKoordersiodendron pinnatum1,860 lbf dry50–55 lb/ft³
RengasGluta spp.1,400–2,040 lbf dry45–50 lb/ft³
ResakCotylelobium spp.1,550 lbf dry40–65 lb/ft³
Rose-mapleCryptocarya spp.1,515–2,095 lbf dry35–55 lb/ft³
SandalwoodSantalum album1,680 lbf dry58 lb/ft³
SepetirPseudosindora palustris1,170–1,410 lbf dry40–45 lb/ft³
Silky-oakGrevillea robusta840 lbf dry38 lb/ft³
SimpohDillenia spp.1,000–1,500 lbf dry35–55 lb/ft³
Tasmanian-myrtleNothofagus spp.1,325 lbf dry33–45 lb/ft³
TawaBeilschmiedia tawa1,405 lbf dry44 lb/ft³
TembusuFagraea spp.2,120 lbf dry50–63 lb/ft³
Terminalia tomentosa complexTerminalia tomentosa complex2,100–2,340 lbf dry54 lb/ft³
ThinganHopea spp.1,050–1,460 lbf dry48 lb/ft³
ThitkaPentace spp.930–1,305 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
ToonCedrela spp.550–1,035 lbf dry32 lb/ft³
TotaraPodocarpus spp.450–860 lbf dry25–40 lb/ft³
TurpentineSyncarpia glomulifera2,600–2,900 lbf dry60 lb/ft³
White BombayTerminalia procera1,070 lbf dry40 lb/ft³
White ChuglamTerminalia bialata1,190 lbf dry43 lb/ft³
White Cypress-pineCallitris glauca1,030 lbf green42 lb/ft³
White LauanPentacme contorta690 lbf dry33 lb/ft³
White SerayaParashorea spp.710–965 lbf dry33 lb/ft³

Sources

  1. USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Tropical Timbers of the World (Chudnoff, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, 1979 edition), read 2026-11-07.

How the tags work: How we source every number.